Ptlls Ass 1 Essay

Understanding your own role and responsibilities in Lifelong Learning * Explain your role within lifelong learning and summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice, relating to you and your role. When considering the role of a Lifelong Learning teacher a good place to start is the teaching and learning cycle. There are five stages to the teaching and learning cycle: identifying needs; planning learning; facilitating learning; assessing learning; and evaluating. My role as a teacher includes identifying needs, which is done through an initial assessment. The typical way to identify needs as an assessor is to ask the learner to fill out a needs assessment form at the start of the course. The form could include anything that would be relevant to the teacher to ensure that there are no barriers to learning and that the learner has equal access to learning. For example, information on the learner’s previous educational achievements, current learning level, functional skills tests, any disabilities, or any specific needs (such as availability) should be gathered during the identifying needs stage. From the initial assessment, the teacher can identify each learners needs and ensure that these are incorporated into the planning stage of the cycle. The planning stage includes ensuring the health and safety of learners by carrying out a risk assessment and completing appropriate schemes of work and lessons plans, including any allowances for learner needs identified in the initial assessment. Lesson plans must also include aims and objectives and activities and assessments that will ensure these are met. Having sound plans in place ensure that the teacher is well prepared with all of the necessary equipment and resources required to meet learner needs. A good teacher will continually return to their plan, adjusting it to meet the needs of learners as they progress through the course. With a thorough plan, facilitating learning will be a much easier task for the teacher. It’s the teacher’s role to ensure that they treat each learner equally and fairly. The teacher must also ensure that learners treat each other with  respect – ice breakers and ground rules help to address and challenge any inappropriate behaviour. A good teacher will facilitate learning using a variety of approaches and resources to meet the planned aims and objectives and learner needs. The teacher should also embed functional skills in the lesson. A vital role of the teacher is to assess whether learning has taken place. This should be done at the end of the course (summative) and periodically throughout each stage or lesson (formative). The teacher uses assessment to check that the planned aims and objectives have been met. Assessment activities can include observation, assignments, question and answer, and witness testimony. If learning has not taken place, the teacher must revisit the objective either individually or as a group. It’s a good idea to have ‘plan b’ activities prepared to try a different approach, just in case learning doesn’t take place the first time around. When the course is over, it’s the teacher’s role to gain feedback from the learners in order to reflect on and evaluate their teaching methods, approaches, and resources. The teacher should make changes and improvements where necessary. Another important aspect of the teacher’s role is ensuring that they adhere to legislative requirements (law) and any codes of practice that might have been set by an awarding body or their employer. The key pieces of legislation and codes of practice that apply to my role include: * Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) – risk assessment * The Data Protection Act (2003) – safe storage and use of data to protect learner from any security breaches * Every Child Matters (ECM) – lesson plans should indicate opportunities where the five outcomes can be met * The Human Right Act (1998) – need to consider issues of equality, diversity, and inclusion * Safeguarding – have a duty to report any action that could cause serious harm to a learner or another person * Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) (1995) – need to consider issues of equality. Awarding body and employer codes of practice, policies, and procedures * Explain how you would identify and meet the needs of your learners whilst promoting equality and valuing diversity within your role I would identify the needs of my learners by using an initial assessment. I would take any needs identified in the initial assessment into account when planning learning to include a range of activities to meet differing levels,  a range of approaches and resources to meet different learning styles, and taking into consideration any learner disabilities or potential challenges. In order to promote inclusion in the classroom I would ensure that I treat all learners equally by not favouring learners or identifying any disabilities or protected characteristics in front of other learners. I would value diversity by drawing on each leaner’s experiences to contribute to rich and varied group discussions. For example, a quick initial assessment to see if any learners have prior kn owledge will enable me to draw on their experiences to help their peers. 2. Understanding relationships between teachers/trainers and other professionals in Lifelong Learning. Explain the boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles and summarise your own responsibilities in relation to other professionals The teacher must understand where their role (in cases where they are not qualified to support the learner), their own limitations, and when to refer a learner to another qualified professional. In relation to other professionals, it is my responsibility to know who to refer the learner to or where I can find appropriate information for the learner, I must observe learner confidentiality at all times and only personally refer the learner to other professionals nominated under codes of practice (otherwise I must direct the learner to the source of help), I have a responsibility to report safeguarding issues to the police or another qualified professional, and I must observe data protection legislation at all times when referring learners. I also need to cooperate and communicate effectively with other professionals to ensure that the learner’s needs are met. * Describe the points of referral you may use to meet the learner’s needs Support teachers within the institution – many colleges have support teachers who would be able to assist learners with dyslexia or with language issues that are creating barriers to learning. I would be able to directly refer the learner to a support teacher if I thought that it would aid learning. Citizens Advice Bureau – learners often experience barriers to learning and motivation if they have legal or financial stresses in their personal life, which will need to be overcome if learning is to take place. The Citizens Advice Bureau offers free legal advice on financial and other issues. I would not be able to directly refer the learner to the Citizens Advice Bureau, but it is my responsibility to hold contact information or know where it can be sought. Childcare providers – again, a learner with childcare issues may experience barriers to learning. I would not directly refer the learner to a childcare provider (unless they were within a college or educational institution) but I have a responsibility to advise the learner on where they can find access to child care advice and guidance. 3. Understanding own responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment. Explain how you are responsible for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment within your role and ways that you would promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others To provide a safe supportive environment, the teacher must ensure that the learners’ needs are met in line with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The teacher must ensure that they can meet the learners’ basic needs of food, water, breaks, and hygienic toilet facilities. Then they must address the safety of the learning environment by carrying out a risk assessment. Part of the planning stage, the risk assessment should be completed for every course or lesson in line with Health and Safety at work Act (1974) (HASAWA) requirements and continually reviewed and updated (along with any safe work method statements). The teacher must know how to complete a dynamic risk assessment in case resources or the environment changes after they have completed the initial risk assessment. Facilitating icebreakers is an important part of the teacher role in order to create and maintain a supportive environment where learners feel a sense of belonging. Ground rules are also an important part of respecting each other and underpin appropriate behaviour. Finally, assessment and feedback will help to increase learner confidence and responsibility for learning to help learners achieve their ultimate goals. Word count: 1294 (not including questions) Bibliography Gravells, A.

India Essay

The history of India begins with evidence of human activity of Homo sapiens as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectusfrom about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilisation, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, was the first major civilisation in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. Beginning in the mid-18th century and over the next century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic decline. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Indian National Congress and later joined by the Muslim League. The subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states. The origin of the name â€Å"Taj Mahal† is not clear. Court histories from Shah Jehan’s reign only call it the rauza (tomb) of Mumtaz Mahal. It is generally believed that â€Å"Taj Mahal† (usually translated as either â€Å"Crown Palace† or â€Å"Crown of the Palace†) is an abbreviated version of her name, Mumtaz Mahal. The construction of this marble masterpiece is credited to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan who erected this mausoleum in the memory of his beloved wife, Arjumand Bano Begum, popularly known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in AH 1040 (AD 1630). Her last wish to her husband was â€Å"to build a tomb in her memory such as the world had never seen before†. Thus emperor Shah Jahan set about building this fairytale like marvel. The construction of Taj Mahal was started in AD 1631 and completed at the end of 1648 AD. For seventeen years, twenty thousand workmen are said to be employed on it daily, for their accommodation a small town, named after the deceased empress-‘Mumtazabad, now known as Taj Ganj, was built adjacent to it. Amanat Khan Shirazi was the calligrapher of Taj Mahal, his name occurs at the end of an inscription on one of the gates of the Taj. Poet Ghyasuddin had designed the verses on the tombstone, while Ismail Khan Afridi of Turkey was the dome maker. Muhammad Hanif was the superintendent of Masons. The designer of Taj Mahal was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The material was brought in from all over India and central Asia and it took a fleet of 1000 elephants to transport it to the site. The central dome is 187 feet high at the centre. Red sandstone was brought from Fatehpur Sikri, Jasper from Punjab, Jade and Crystal from China, Turquoise from Tibet, Lapis Lazuli and Sapphire from Sri Lanka, Coal and Cornelian from Arabia and diamonds from Panna. In all 28 kind of rare, semi precious and precious stones were used for inlay work in the Taj Mahal. The chief building material, the white marble was brought from the quarries of Makrana, in distt. Nagaur, Rajasthan. Top Religious Attractions The Golden Temple – Adherents of the Sikh religion need no introduction to their sacred pilgrimage seat. Sri Harmandir Sahib or the Golden Temple, named so due to the quintessential golden hue that the monument is bathed in, is laced by the equally sacred waters of the Amrit Sarovar or the Pond of Nectar. On a jewel-studded platform is the Adi Grantha or the sacred scripture of the Sikhs wherein are enshrined holy inscriptions by the ten Sikh gurus and various Hindu and Moslem saints. Kerala Backwaters -The Backwaters of Kerala are the place meant for those in search of a peaceful moments amidst natural beauty. The main backwater destinations in Kerala are Kumarakom, Allepey, Cochin, Trivandrum and Kollam. Cruising along these backwaters on board the houseboats or Kettuvallom is one experience that is forever cherished by visitors to the state. India has always been a popular destination for travellers. The culture, tradition and lifestyle of the common masses and the grandeur and opulence of the royalty has attracted people to explore and feel the real India. All these things combined with mysticism, spiritualism, yoga and Ayurveda make India a must visit destination on the world travel map. India tour is aimed at offering you the best of India. Whether it is the sandy desert of Rajasthan, the tranquil and serene backwaters of Kerala or the mesmerising beauty of the Taj Mahal Dhoti Dhoti kurta is the traditional Indian clothing of men. Unlike other dresses, it is an unstitched piece of cloth usually 5 yards long that is tied around the waist and legs. The knot is tied at the waist. Dhoti is known by different names at different places such as Laacha in Punjabi, dhuti in Bangla. Indian Sari Sari is one of the most wonderful dresses worn by Indian women. Infact, when one thinks of a typical Indian woman, the first thing that strikes the mind is a woman clad in sari, who is wearing the solah shringar including bindi, chudi, kajal etc. history India is a land of ancient civilization. India’s social, economic, and cultural configurations are the products of a long process of regional expansion. Indian history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. These two phases are usually described as the pre-Vedic and Vedic age. Hinduism arose in the Vedic period. The fifth century saw the unification of India under Ashoka, who had converted to Buddhism, and it is in his reign that Buddhism spread in many parts of Asia. In the eighth century Islam came to India for the first time and by the eleventh century had firmly established itself in India as a political force. It resulted into the formation of the Delhi Sultanate, which was finally succeeded by the Mughal Empire, under which India once again achieved a large measure of political unity. It was in the 17th century that the Europeans came to India. This coincided with the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, paving the way for regional states. In the contest for supremacy, the English emerged ‘victors’. The Rebellion of 1857-58, which sought to restore Indian supremacy, was crushed; and with the subsequent crowning of Victoria as Empress of India, the incorporation of India into the empire was complete. It was followed by India’s struggle for independence, which we got in the year 1947. Weding An Indian Hindu wedding is strictly observed according to the ancient cultural norms laid down in the Vedas. In the Indian society a wedding is not just the coming together of two people rather two souls. In fact, a wedding also brings two families closer, which thereafter share a bond of respect and affection. As a result, there are a number of traditions and customs associated with the Indian Hindu wedding ceremony. These traditions are the essence of the marital institution, thereby strengthening the significance, chastity and faith in the same. Rangoli Rangoli, one of the most beautiful and most pleasing art forms of India, is comprised of two words, ‘rang’ meaning ‘color’ and ‘aavalli’ meaning colored creepers’ or ‘row of colors’. Rangoli basically comprises of the art of making designs or patterns on the walls or the floor of the house, using finely ground white powder along with different colors. Numerous households in the Indian subcontinent make use of Rangoli designs for decorating the courtyard of their house.

A & P: A Study of Society’s Norms

â€Å"I felt how hard the world was going to be for me hereafter,† Sammy mutters at the end of John Updike’s short story, â€Å"A & P.†On the surface, Sammy is talking about the problems he will experience after telling his boss that he has quitted his job, but he is really referring to the beginning of his responsibility to defend people being judged for their appearances, and to stand up to authority when the rules limit people’s freedom and creativity.   He understands the difficulty of the mission he has given himself.The episode that changes Sammy’s life happens one day in an A & P supermarket.   As a nineteen year old who mans one of the check-out registers at the supermarket, he observes three girls enter wearing only their bathing suits.This completely distracts him so that he cannot even remember if he has â€Å"rang up† the â€Å"Hiho crackers† (Updike) for one of the customers.   On the other hand, he can remember the details of the three girls’ appearances. He thinks less generously of the customer who bought the Hiho crackers, referring to her as someone who if â€Å"born at the right time they would have burned her over in Salem† (Updike).â€Å"You could see them, when Queenie's white shoulders dawned on them, kind of jerk, or hop, or hiccup, but their eyes snapped back to their own baskets and on they pushed. I bet you could set off dynamite in an A & P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering â€Å"Let me see, there was a third thing, began with A, asparagus, no, ah, yes, applesauce!† or whatever it is they do mutter. But there was no doubt, this jiggled them.A few house-slaves in pin curlers even looked around after pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was correct† (Updike).The above paragraph is the best portrayal of the girls’ effect on the supermarket’s patrons.   â⠂¬Å"Queenie,† as Sammy calls the prettiest of the three girls, has the most effect.   Comparing the arrival of the girls to an explosion signifies the impact, and also the rarity of girls, or anyone for that matter, ever coming into the supermarket in their swimsuits.   Most people follow the dress code implemented in the supermarket, or any other public place besides the beach.   The short story of one seemingly mundane occurrence at a supermarket speaks volumes about judging appearances.The girls are in the supermarket to buy â€Å"a jar of herring snacks† for â€Å"Queenie’s† mother and not to make any trouble, but the fact that they are wearing swimsuits have earned them a reprimand from the manager, Lengel.   Lengel who also â€Å"teaches Sunday school† and is â€Å"pretty dreary† according to Sammy, represents the people in society who make and follow rules and expect others to do the same.   He rigidly implements the rules in the A & P he is managing to the point that after reprimanding the girls, he reminds Sammy about ringing up the girls’ purchase.   Every rule must be followed to the letter for people like Lengel (Updike).However, even before Lengel’s appearance in the short story, Sammy already observes the glances that the sheep, which is his term for the customers, give the girls.   The girls being in their swimwear has given the customers quite a shock.   Even Sammy and his married co-worker, Stokesie, have become very engrossed in watching the girls.   They may not condemn the girls like Lengel and the customers but their reaction also limits the free spirited choice of the girls to wear bathing suits to the supermarket.   Their behavior suggests that the act is clearly something that is out of the norm.Defending the girls has made Sammy a hero, but he must make it a crusade to continue the difficult task of making the more conservative people of society understand the v alue of â€Å"live and let live.†Ã‚   Being sidetracked from such a mission and bowing down to rules that he does not believe in will reduce his defense of the girls as an act of a boy with a crush and not an act of pure honor.Works CitedUpdike, John. â€Å"A & P.† 8 November 2007 .   

Genetic Algorithms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetic Algorithms - Essay Example (Jamshidi 2003). The preliminary step to a genetic algorithm is to identify a means of encoding any sort of possible solution. It is fundamental to discuss genetic algorithms as a step by step process, in order to truly grasp their method and function as well as to establish how a solution may be derived. Approaching the process in a linear fashion, one must begin with a binary string or in this case, randomly selected chromosomes in a somewhat large quantity. In order to arrive at a numerically relevant solution, a decoding of the binary strings or chromosomes is necessary. Each chromosome when decoded, will serve as a solution to a primary problem. The next step in this process is simply a test which will afford the more robust chromosomes a higher chance of being selected in the next process while somewhat weeding out those chromosomes which fail a fitness test. The numerical score assigned to each chromosome will be contingent on how useful it can prove to be in the process of solving a problem or providing a solution, â€Å"Your results are only as good as the fitness function†(Distributed Neuron, 2007). Naturally, the resulting scores assigned to each chromosome will be varied but will be somewhere between 1 and 5. Once each chromosome or binary string, is rated as per the fitness test, a somewhat random process of selection known as â€Å"wheel selection† will take place. Each chromosome within the initial random population will not have an equal chance at being selected, as mentioned earlier simply because those chromosomes with higher fitness values; will occupy a greater portion of the percentage of the w hole when given a slot on a pie chart. To better understand the wheel selection process and the probability of one chromosome being chosen over the other, we may understand the wheel process by thinking of it as a pie chart which as a whole represents 100% with each binary string or chromosome occupying a

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 25

Marketing - Essay Example r that is usually thrown away is recycled and introduced into the value chain again as a new product and it must be noted that this takes less energy than using unprocessed raw materials. Paper normally thrown away from a hole punch is pulped using manual methods and it is made into different products which include stationery and document holders, artifact related products such as decorative frames depicting various pictures, paper vases, bags as well as paper towels among others. Stationary holders or vases can be skillfully made used recycled paper which is first pulped to take another new from. These holders can be molded into different shapes depending on the desire of the artists. These holders are more suitable for housed hold or official use where they are kept on desks where movement would be limited. In most cases, these vases would also serve the decorative purpose. Other products which can be made using recycled paper include decorative frames that can be hanged on the walls either in homes, offices or other public buildings such as halls or churches. Manually recycled paper often produces hard card boards which can be easily used as wall or picture frames. These frames are either decorated with various pictures depicting different artifacts or different messages can be inscribed on them. Holding bags of varying sizes can also be made from recycled paper as well. b) These products are likely to be in demand as a result of the fact that they would have been skillfully made in such a very attractive manner. In most cases, these products from waste paper are meant for decorative purposes meant to display artistic prowess by different artists. Art is used for different purposes in life hence, there would be likely chances of products being demanded by those who naturally admire hand made crafts. Indeed, artifacts are used for various purposes and there is need for the artist to first identify different things that can interest as well as satisfy the needs

Nursing career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nursing career - Essay Example The roles of the different nursing specialties fall under either clinical or non-clinical practices. A nurse educator can perform is required to engage in both clinical and non-clinical practices. Despite the main role of a nurse educator being facilitation of the learning process, curriculum development, research, and inculcating professionalism among the learners, they are obliged to have clinical practice skills in order to guide the students on clinical practice effectively. Contrary to a nurse educator, a nurse informaticist’s roles are inclined more to the non-clinical practice; therefore, their clinical experience is limited. In the same way, a nurse administrator is not directly involved in clinical practices since their main role is coordination of the nursing practices in a healthcare setup such as staff management. The nurse practitioners are directly involved in clinical duties. A nurse practitioner plays a pivotal role in protection of health, health promotion, di sease prevention, treatment, and the provision of primary care to the patients. Despite the differential roles taken up by the different professionals, Rhodes, Morris, and Lazenby (2011) have observed that it is obligatory for all nursing professionals to be caring and knowledgeable. Â  Despite the differences among the nursing professionals with advanced practice, a number of similarities exist. All the specialties in nursing are required to adhere to professional ethics at all times in the execution of their duties.

Innovation Process Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation Process Design - Essay Example Key Components of Theories Innovation is a common way for companies today to initiate in order for them to reach a specific competitive advantage (Weerawardena & Mavondo, 2011). In order to achieve this, many firms are trying to establish the point that they need to ensure execution of strategies that are competitive enough to provide them the competitive edge over the other established firms in their industry or specific niche (Salunke, Weerawardena & McColl-Kennedy, 2011). In many technological-related companies, innovation has become the major point of their business, because that is one of the substantial ways by which they can compete and even set among themselves a cutting edge advantage over the other competitors to ensure a smooth flow of their operation or achieve a potential market share. At the most specific level, firms that are into innovation or are risks lovers are expected to provide unique product or service offerings (Cucculelli & Ermini, 2013). In this way, they ca n offer highly differentiated product or service offerings that matter to people. Many technological-based firms today from time to time have to produce offerings that are new to the market for the target segments to try and they remarkably eliminate old products in order to introduce success or opportunity for the new ones. This is common to take place in the mobile phone industry where old models will have to be phased out and leave a path for new products and gain from them. Establishing a new product or a unique one is therefore a form of strategy that a firm must embrace. Strategic business innovation is therefore one of the ultimate moves of technological-based companies today. They want to set a new way for them to be able to provide something that is new that matters a lot to their target market. In doing so, a clear business plan must be associated with the goal to innovate. Innovation is not just a simple process, but a complex one that it requires the most appropriate bus iness model. Prior to the emancipation of this business model, every firm that wishes to go for innovation will therefore have to set a clear business plan for themselves. In this way, they can be guided on what to do next especially in cases when there is a need to involve the right plans. Business plans are integral components of a successful innovation process. After all, it requires substantial planning moments prior to the actual innovation process. These plans need to be considered because they fuel the essential growth or development of the organization as far as the concept of innovation is concerned. Innovation therefore is a forward approach that positively aims for advancement and growth (Colombelli, Haned & Le Bas, 2013). Anything that hinders this growth will have to be remarkably considered a contradictory approach against innovation. The backward approach might have to consider plans, actions or initiatives that are to produce backward results. In this case, no innova tion will be necessary, because innovation as a process of growth development requires more engaged idea to embrace something new or fresh ideas for future enhancement of the business. In this regard, proper orientation of the company concerning their evaluation process is necessary or required because such move will have to ensure the emancipation of the right program or actions to be taken into account. Concerning actions that are allowing companies to move forward with

Understanding women's roles in romansque art Assignment

Understanding women's roles in romansque art - Assignment Example Of all of the artwork that was generated within the Middle Ages, perhaps one of the most pervasive themes is the cult of the Virgin Mary. Within this theme an untold litany of different paintings and sculptures were produced and reproduced. One of the interesting aspects of these is the fact that few artists represented the Virgin Mary in the same manner. For instance, the Duccio di Buoninsegna, circa 1300, represents a thoughtful and attentively caring mother fawning over the child she holds in her arms. Such a representation was of course in keeping with a Biblical interpretation of the way in which Christ’s mother interacted with the Messiah as well as reinforcing exiting gender norms of 13th century Europe. The idealism that such images represent can easily be seen at even a cursory examination. For instance, rather than depicting the Virgin Mary as an aloof and holy creature in and of herself, the devotion and attention the male child in her arms is the seamless thread that connects all of these images/iconographies. From the representations that have been analyzed, it can be definitivaely stated that not unlike the recent past, the role of the woman in the Middle Ages was concentric upon caring for and tending to the

Deutsche Telekom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Deutsche Telekom - Essay Example 2. When the letter from the technician becomes known to the public, what, do you think, various stakeholders might say about Deutsche Telecom? What would customers say? What would analysts say? What would the general public, say? What would employees of the organization say? The various stakeholders will end up disappointed by the CEO of Deutsche Telecom and his entire managerial team and immediately call for his removal from office. Many customers would feel pity for the employees of the company and would remain loyal to the company, whereas analysts will put it clear to the media that, the main reason for the company’s failure is due to the CEO’s incompetence. This will tarnish the corporation’s reputation besides prompting mixed reactions amongst the employees of the company. Some due to the fear of losing their jobs will start criticizing the move adopted by the company’s technician. However, others will be in full support of the move and encourage the technician. The employee’s actions of making the letter public will be below par. Therefore, I would insist on meeting with the CEO first to discuss on the way forward. Then I would also hold a meeting with all the company’s employees to discuss on their grievances and the steps to take. 4. Put yourself in the shoes of middle manager of DT. Imagine that your employees are actively discussing the letter after it became public. Would you be engaged in those discussions? If yes, would you do that informally or in a formal setting? What would you say or ask? Yes, I would engage myself in the discussions but in an informal setting to make them feel at ease, hence share their thoughts. I would ask them of their opinions concerning the letter, whether it was right or wrong. I would also try making them feel appreciated by asking what they think is the way forward for the survival of the

John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

John Steinbeck Essay Comparison between the portrayal of women in The Ostler by Wilkie Collins and in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck In both the stories The Ostler by Wilkie Collins and Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck the authors have used the females, who are Rebecca in The Ostler and Curleys wife in Of Mice and Men to play important roles in developing the plot. Both of them considerably shape and alter the lives of those other characters around them. In The Ostler Rebecca is a young lady who meets Isaac and later marries him. She totally changes his life. However she has a darker side and later plots to kill him leaving Isaac living in fear for his life. Similarly in Of Mice and Men Curleys wife ends up causing the death of one of the principal characters, Lennie. So we can see that in both stories the women either threaten or cause the death of a main character. Both the stories were written some time ago, the Ostler being the older of the two, written in 1855. So the Ostler was set in the Victorian age. We know that in the Victorian age there were little opportunities for unmarried women. Rebecca is a good example of this. Before she met Isaac she was dependant on drugs. This is suggested on page 11 when Isaac meets Rebecca in the Chemists whilst he is buying medicine for his mother. The chemist said Its my opinion theres something wrong with her. Shes been asking for Laudanum to put on a bad tooth Its a case of suicide, sir, if ever there was one yet. Of Mice and Men was set in the great depression in America. Still there was little opportunity for women and most were unfairly treated. Curleys wife is portrayed as a lonely, isolated character who longs to be free from the tight reigns of her husband Curley. She spends much of her time flirting with the other men on the ranch, hungry for conversation. So in both stories the writers have portrayed the women as unfairly treated. Whether it was one of their aims to make their readers aware of the situation or whether the suggestion is just through their realistic reflection on the society they lived in we cannot tell. Although I wouldnt say that a strong emphasis is placed on the treatment of women and therefore I would argue that it was not their target but just one consequence of the story line. Rebecca is first introduced to us in the fourth paragraph on the first page, although we dont know who she is at that point. A detailed description is given of her, but she is not named. Light grey eyes and a droop in the left eyelid Flaxen hair with a gold streak in it Fair, white arms with a down in the little ladys hands, with a reddish look under the fingernails However after this description which Isaac is telling us in his sleep, then has a narrative signpost suggesting that this women is trouble. and the knife always the cursed knife first on one side, then on the other. It is suggested that there will be murder in the story and conveys a horror genre, a style very popular at that time. Similarly, In Of Mice and Men Curleys wife looks are portrayed as dangerous. Although we haer a description of Rebecca, it is only a feature of Isaacs nightmare. The same decription of Rebecca is then repeated when Isaac returns home to his mother and tells her of his dream. His mother writes the details down so that she doesnt forget them. His mother seems to be a suspicious women who believes the dream had a deeper significance and that it was a prophecy that Isaac would one day be killed by the women of the dream. It isnt until some time later, when his mother falls ill and he goes to the chemist, that he meets a lady who we find is called Rebecca, although Isaac doesnt recognize her from his dream. He thinks she will commit suicide so in an attempt to prevent her taking her life and also because he is strangely attracted to her, he plans to marry her. When he introduces Rebecca his mother recognizes her to be the women of the dream and tries to call off the marriage. However the marriage goes ahead. So you can see what a big part her looks played. It was her looks that first caused conflict in the marriage. Rebecca, who is upset that Isaacs mother, Mrs. Scatchard, does not like her, tries to be friendly towards his mother. However the relationship between Isaac and Rebecca deteriorates and when Isaac discovers Rebecca has bought a new knife, one like that of the dream and demands that he keeps the knife. This further upsets Rebecca and they get into a fight and she leaves. Isaac lived in fear wondering if she return and try to kill him like in the dream. He takes precautions to protect himself. Then one day she returns and tries to kill him. So he leaves. From that day forward he lived in fear.

Value and importance of training and development of employees

Value and importance of training and development of employees Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction: Organisations get established, businesses survive and thrive because they sell products and services to customers and earn revenue. Globalization and increased competition have increased the demand for organizations to continually provide excellent products and services. Business performance depends largely upon how well the product or service is. Only satisfied, motivated and trained employees can produce quality products or provide quality service. 1.2 Research question: Determine how training can improve the skills of employees which in turn help in increasing employee and customer satisfaction, productivity and eventually business performance. 1.3 Background: Research Significance and Problem Identification: Although many organisations provide their employees training opportunities to progress within the organisation structure, little has been focused upon employee training for organisations efficiency and performance. Performance oriented market; constantly changing environment and globalisation are influencing the workplace structure and leading to increased reliance on employee skills for providing better products and services. Employees not trained to deal with the advanced management methods and techniques cannot work towards the better business performance. This issue is one of the most important topics in business management studies. This concept is now well established and is increasingly affecting the field of management. It has proved particularly valuable for those organisations who seek better performance. 1.4 Aims and objectives: The main aim of this paper is to study the value and importance of training and development of employees in terms of overall organisation performance. Determine how training can improve the skills of employees. Analyse published data/existing literature on human resource management and related subject areas. Identify training related issues such as environmental factors and their effect. Examine current organisational structure and working practises (such as procedures, policies, and standards followed by the company for its human resource/ workforce) in the company. Explore training methods available for the organisations. Access the impact of training on workforce satisfaction. Summarize the main themes of the findings and place them in the context of business performance. Provide recommendations. 1.5 Hypothesis: The organisations can increase their performance and productivity by providing their staff with appropriate skills through training and continuous development. If suitable training and proper care is given to development of employees, they can prove beneficial by working more effectively and efficiently. 1.6 Rationale: Organisations tend to apply those outdated and inadequate techniques and methods which although have been proven successful, those cannot work on their business situations. While doing so, they often ignore more advanced procedures and their business environmental and cultural requirements. In order to improve or increase their business performance, organisations will need to adapt new ways that can impact training and development of employees efficiently and successfully. 1.7 Theoretical Framework: The main purpose of this dissertation was to find out the effect of training on organisation performance. This dissertation discussed and critically analysed training and development of employees, its demand in changing nature of the organisation and impact of environmental and other important factors on training and development. Detailed explanations on training methods and types of skills (hard and soft) are also considered. The final section focused on training evaluation and its need. The writer has also taken several authors views on training and development of employees and linked them with organisation performance and other related factors, and evaluated all the data gathered. The writer has also debated and provided arguments and counter arguments on above mentioned issues argued by professionals. 1.8 Limitations: As the researcher progressed through this research project, limitation arose that included bias, unavailability of relevant data, resource and time allocation, etc. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction: In order to survive and compete in the ever growing competitive and changing environment, it is critical for any organisation to perform better by satisfying the needs of the customers (Mullins, 2007). Globalization has increased the demand for organizations to provide excellent products and services as business performance depends largely upon it. Only satisfied, motivated and trained employees can produce quality products or provide quality services. Increased competition and changing nature of technical jobs and services made employee training very crucial for the survival of any business. The requirements of skills development of employees differs from business to business and industry to industry (Bratton and Gold, 2001). This issue is one of the most important topics in business management studies. This concept is now well established and is increasingly affecting the field of management. It has proved particularly valuable for those organisations who seek better performance. 2.2 Training and Development: In Bramleys (2003) words, training involves learning and educating employee to do something to result in things being done differently. He explains that training is a process that is planned to facilitate learning so that people can become more effective in carrying out aspects of their work. According to the CIPD, Training is expected to equip employees to help them become ‘strategically unique, in addition to the provision of skills, knowledge and attitudes needed to achieve operational efficiency. ‘Training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behaviour through learning experience to achieve effective performance (Wilson, 2006). ‘Employee Development is a process for preparing employees for future job responsibilities. This may include formal and informal training, education, mentoring, coaching etc (Armstrong, 2008). Although the terms training and development are often linked, these address slightly different needs. Training focuses on learning the necessary skills and acquiring the knowledge required to perform the job. It deals with the design and delivery of learning to improve organization performance. On the other hand, development focuses on the preparation needed for future jobs; it should be considered investment in the work force since its benefits are long term (Armstrong, 2006). Effective training is paramount for survival and growth of a business. Training is not just about developing people but helping them to become more confident and capable in their jobs as well as in their lives (Wilson, 2006). The significance and value of training has long been recognized. The need for training is more prominent given todays business climate and the growth in technology which affects the economy and society at large. Employee is trained to assure that current or future needs of the organisation are met. 2.3 Hard vs. Soft Skills Training: There are two basic categories of skills training: hard and soft skills (Armstrong, 2008). Hard skills are technical or administrative procedures related to an organizations core business while soft skills are attitudes and behaviours exhibited by employees while interacting, which affect the outcomes of such interactions. It is easy to train and identify the need for hard skills training, while soft skills relate to personal, individual development and are most difficult to define and measure. Some types of training have both hard and soft skills components. Sales training for example, may encompass hard skills such as product knowledge and price negotiation, and soft skills such as empathy and listening (Smith and Mazin, 2004). The best way to develop skills is to practice doing the thing what an employee is trying to do, under the expert guidance of someone who knows how (Redman and Wilkinson, 2006) (Muir, 2004) (Beardwell et al, 2007). 2.4 Reasons for Training: There are many motives for training and developing employees. It can be initiated for a variety of reasons e.g. it can be carried out as part of an overall professional development program or performance improvement (Rae, 1999). Training is not only essential to create skilled force but also needed to maintain a high level of skills required by the constantly changing work environment and to equip employees to meet future demands (Stewart, 1996) (Pont, 2003). 2.5 Training Benefits: Leading writers have recognised the importance of training as fundamental for management (Bratton and Gold, 2003). Keep (1989 cited by Redman and Wilkinson, 2006) describes training and development as litmus test against which other characteristics of management practice can be measured. Advantages of training and development include: increased job satisfaction and morale among employees, employee motivation, increased efficiency and effectiveness, increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods, increased innovation in strategies and products, reduced employee turnover, enhanced company image, risk management. The right employee training at the right time provides big pay offs for the employer in increased productivity, knowledge, loyalty, and contribution (Web 1). Training allows the organisation to develop and promote its own culture. Training also allows organisations to adapt to changes in the business environment and can be used as a change agent to change organisation al culture (Wilkinson et al. 2006). Training is a tool that can improve organisational effectiveness, especially in fiercely competitive markets. Training and development helps in optimizing the development of human resource that helps the employee to achieve the individual as well as organisational goals (Benson, 2006). It increases the job skills and knowledge of employees at all levels and expands the horizons of their intellect and their personality. Training and development helps in indicating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter team collaborations. It also aids the organisations to get more effective in decision making and problem solving. It also helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers usually display (Armstrong, 2008) (Bratton and Gold, 2003) (Pont, 2003) (Price, 2007). 2.6 Training Process: Training process takes place within the context of the internal and the external environment of the organization. The basis for most training remains the traditional training process system. This involves: 1. identifying the needs for training and development of the company; 2. Planning training or devising a learning plan; 3. Carrying out or delivering training and 4. Assessing and evaluating outcomes/results. A training need analysis is the first step in identifying the types of programs that will further organisations goals, which helps to decide whether training is appropriate at all. The organisations have to assess why they need training (Smith and Mazin, 2004). Then plans are made on how to deliver the program and by which method. Armstrong (2008) places a great importance on the design of training policy because of its significance of effects on the business. It is an important issue and requires close attention to the organisations mission, ethical stance and strategic visio n. All the policies should be aligned to the companys mission and objectives. 2.7 Training Methods: Learning and development can focus on different components of employees as proposed by Lee (1996). Organisations can adapt different techniques of training for their businesses and according to their requirement. Some techniques consist purely on acquisition of knowledge, some focus on skills development of its staff, some even focus on sentimental aspects of the employees and their relationships with others. Few activities seek to integrate all the above. Staff training can be conducted on the job, which is carried out at the trainees workplace, and off-the-job which is carried out away from employees work place (Mullins, 2007). Training methods include observing, questioning, interpreting, reviewing, coaching, e-learning, workshop, induction, job-shadowing, mentoring, seminars, classes, open learning, project work, workshop and simulation. 2.8 Why Training Fails Training is not always the answer to performance problems. Some training analysts (Rosner, 1999 cited by Smith and Mazin, 2004) believed that training could be a good investment or could be a waste of resources. Training is indeed a waste of money when the desired behaviour does not occur. Thats why training and development doesnt succeed all the time to achieve desired results and in obtaining aims and objectives of the organisation. There could be many other reasons for the failure but most common are (Web 2): Training is often implemented for the wrong reasons and seldom aligns to a business measure. It fails because of lack of objectives to provide direction and focus. Sometimes the solution proves too expensive for the desired outcomes. Other important reason for failure is lack of management reinforcement and support (Mullins, 2007). Some businesses invest little in training because they dont have enough funds. 2.9 Role of a Training Manager: It is the role and responsibility of the HR manager to develop and implement training strategies and policies. The HR manager has responsibility for training and development and performance management. Human Resource Managers need to understand the nature and process of training and development in order to be able to facilitate learning and development within the organisation (Watson, 2006). HR managers are involved in planning and implementing programs designed to improve the performance of their employees in order to improve the effectiveness of the organization. Its their responsibility to group together employees activities during training process in such a way that encourages integration and cooperation (Armstrong, 2008). 2.10 Trainee Employees: Organizations performance largely depends upon the employees that work in it (Watson, 2006). They are the key resource and considered as capital for any organization. HR scholars agree that an organisation is only as good as the people in. Training is worthless if employees are not involved properly (Armstrong, 2008). Company can achieve and maintain the competitive advantage by regularly upgrading the workforce skills. The development of employee skills is one of the most important tasks in which an organisation can engage (Armstrong, 2006). Adequate supply of technically and socially competent and proficient staff is only ensured by training and development. 2.11 Training Evaluation: Employees need feedback. It is important for their progress and advancement (Armstrong, 2006). Evaluation is a process of establishing the worth or value of something (Rae, 1999). Evaluation of training is a process of gathering information with which to make decisions about training activities (Sloman, 1999). Organizations apply performance appraisal evaluation to measure employee work performance and effectiveness, which can help in defining and developing training needs for the organisations. Having a well-structured measuring system in place can help determine where the problem lies (Mullins, 2007). Training evaluation may also help in improving quality of training activities which in turn results in greater benefits. 2.12 Other Issues: While providing training, the manager needs to understand the importance and effects organization structure and design because these define tasks and responsibilities, work, roles and relationships, and channels of communication (Mullins, 2007). The two factors that determine how the organization functions in relation to its eternal and external environment are its structure and the processes that operate within it. Structures are necessary to support the effort of training managers and trainee employees. Culture of an organization also plays an important part in assessing the needs and requirements for training and development. It helps in producing high level of business performance. Training according to structure and culture provides organizations flexibility, adaptability and durability required for growth and survival(Redman and Wilkinson, 2006). 2.13 Conclusion: Scholars and writers have emphasised on the importance of training and development of the employees for the better performance of any organisation. It is a main factor of human resource management within organization. It not only benefits organisation by providing them with skilled force, but employees individually as well by increasing their effectiveness and efficiency (apart from other benefits discussed above). Organisations have to take into account all the internal and external environmental and cultural factors and should provide feedback on training. To be successful, organisations have to adapt an appropriate training process with best available training method and professional guidance/management. Chapter 3: Research Methodology Research is any type of systematic and arranged study to systematize facts or collect data, and is generally linked to a problem that has to be solved (Zikmund, 2000). Johnson and Scholes (2008) define methodology as ‘A focused and systematic investigation that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire specialised and detailed information, providing a basis for analysis and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry. 3.1 Introduction Research methodology section also clarifies why the researcher has chosen certain research methods, techniques and approaches, justifying the writers approach and line of action; and why other methods are not included for this project with detailed reasons and explanations. Arguments and benefits for selected methods are also given. Sampling, research tools and other related issues are also explained in this section. This area ends with discussion of limitations and constraints faced by the writer. 3.2 Background As part of dissertation, the researcher was expected to undertake research into business and management field which should meet the criteria set out by the college and must have enough empirical data for investigation (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). Searching past dissertation and thesis aadded ideas and assisted in formulating the dissertation design and overall structure that provides a framework for the collection and analysis of data (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). After organising the ideas, research time scale was set which was focused on targets to meet deadlines for completion of the paper. The researcher has applied Gantt chart (Saunders et al 2007) to help in keeping track of the research. It also assisted in planning and coordinating specific tasks during the research work by providing graphical illustrations of the timetable and key tasks involved in it. Its help in keeping the data sought throughout the research within the scope of the project, proved beneficial (Saunders et al 2007). With the amount of literature, it was time consuming to sort out relevant material to the research. Bells (2005 cited in Bryman and Bell, 2007) six points parameters method was applied to narrow down the search materials that were time consuming. 3.3 Data Collection Methods and Approaches The researcher decided to use fast but cheap methods to obtain maximum information in little time. The researcher also tried to focus on specific but relevant research material to minimize collecting irrelevant data and save time. For these purposes, the research resources were divided into ‘Internal and ‘External. In internal research, companies own business data, records and reports, and previous research studies were analysed. External research consisted of collection of data from other sources like magazines, newspapers, publications, reports, journals and websites. In research there are two broad methods of reasoning often referred as ‘Deductive and ‘Inductive approaches. As the social/management research generally necessitates the deductive approach rather than inductive research, the researcher chose this method of reasoning. In deductive approach particular instances were deduced from general inferences. In this type of theory conclusion followed logic ally from premises or available facts. This approach helped the researcher for collecting the data that defined the problem area (foreground theories). Research was conducted utilizing both ‘Primary and ‘Secondary methods. Primary data was collected with a focused plan and gathered specifically for this research (Saunders et al. 2007). Secondary data (which was collected from other sources or published data) was used in ‘Descriptive and ‘Explanatory research. Examples of primary data that the writer collected were interviews and questionnaires. Primary data was collected specifically for data analysis but secondary data collected was for both literature review and data analysis sections. Both primary and secondary research included ‘Qualitative and ‘Quantitative data. As per the requirements of the research, the researcher collected both qualitative and quantitative forms of data and integrated the information in the interpretation of the overall results. Quantitative research involved the use of structured questionnaire where the response options were predetermined by the researcher. Measurement was objective and statistically valid. Qualitative research was subjective in nature and involved collecting and analysing data by interviewing people. Some of the qualitative research was coded quantitatively for the purpose of reaching the conclusion by assigning meaningful scales and numerical values. Interview is one of the best ways for getting behind the story of the participants experiences. It is very easy way to gather primary qualitative as found by the researcher during the research process. Interviews were conducted to collect valid and reliable information (Saunders et al 2007). The researcher was aware that questionnaire is the most popular method of conducting scholarly research. It provides a convenient way of gathering information, easy to analyse, and most statistical analysis software can process it easily. It is also cost effective method of collecting data and is familiar to most people. Questionnaire can be circulated easily and response rate is fast (Saunders et al 2007). The writer chose ‘Closed ended Questions in formulating the questionnaire for timely response. The concept of mixing different methods originates in the realisation that all methods have limitations. Using a multi-method approach reduces bias and increases validity (Saunders et al. 2007) . The findings from the research were then tested on theories for reliability and validity (Saunders et al 2007). Good practice is only possible if the research data is valid, reliable, and sensitive (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). The researcher ensured that appropriate variables, techniques, scales, and assumptions were used. Proper measures were taken while gathering secondary data and information was checked for its validity and reliability while maintaining sensitivity in order to keep facts as original as possible. 3.4 Sampling It wasnt possible to collect data from all the sources and all the population. Therefore sampling was applied. The accuracy of research depends upon the way the sample is selected. The researcher conducted interviews from managers. Questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected employees. 3.5 Limitations and Constraints Researcher realized that not all the processes and methods could be used and dropped few methods (like focus groups) of secondary choice due to time limit and minimum resources. The major limitation of the study lies in its relatively small sample size of customers and the limited coverage. This was mainly attributable to the limited time and other resources available for the study. 3.6 Data Analysis Tools Internet has become the most used method of communication due to its comparative ease and effectiveness. The writer utilized this method to stay in touch with the managers. Spreadsheet program was used to process the data from the questionnaires. This information was quantitative, easily converted to percentages and proved easy to evaluate. Microsoft Word is used as design tool due to its versatility, speed, and accuracy of work along with wide range of pictorial and graphical alternatives to research findings. Chapter 4: Research Findings and Data Analysis 4.1 Introduction The company chosen for this research study in order to find out how the training and development of employees can effect the business performance, is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ clothing which is a small and medium size company that deals in manufacturing clothes in small factory and selling these through its small store. Some employees are involved in production while the rest deals in serving customers. The company has recently undergone through organisational changes and trained all its employees in their respective roles. Interviews were conducted to collect valid and reliable information. The researcher conducted interviews from management and distributed questionnaires among its employees to determine the extent how development has effected the companys efficiency. Survey conducted from employees for satisfaction is a self assessment by staff. Its results explain how well the expectations are met and/or how to improve further. The researcher conducted this survey to study the employees views about the company performance. This research also explained the reasons behind the findings. 4.2 Analysis: Interviews There was no formal training for employees before. Growing competition and market demand forced the company to amend its policies and include training in its mission and vision. Training was conducted to raise skills levels and productivity of employees and to offer the hope of increased competitiveness within business environment. The company successfully conducted the training with positive response from employees. The training process was internal and staffs were provided on the job training by the employer. The employees were empowered and felt motivated and passionate in the involvement in training process. The management felt that employee as well as customer satisfaction and relation has improved a lot after employees training based on the customer/employee responses and companys financial results. The company is quite satisfied of its evaluation process and feedback procedure. The company trained its employees in whole range of skills It boosted confidence and morale of an em ployee who now is doing the job more efficiently and effectively. It paid off well for the company as its productivity increased and new customers were attracted. 4.3 Analysis: Questionnaire

Limitations of change management models

Limitations of change management models Using the case as a basis for analysis, discuss the potential limitations of current change management models and processes in organisations with which you are. This assignment is based on the case study organisations change. Change is an organizational reality. External forces for change include the marketplace, government laws and regulations, technology, labour markets, and economic changes. Internal forces of change include organizational strategy, equipment, the workforce, and employee attitudes. Change is generally a response to some significant threat or opportunity arising outside of the organisation. According to Pettigrew (1999) Changes within an organisation take place both in response to business and economic events and to processes of managerial perception, choice and actions. Managers in this sense see events taking place that, to them, signal the need for change. The change faced by Power Co at the start of the project was because of the fact that it did not had any related experience in the design and implementation of similar projects (which involves a processing technology). This state could have cause difficulties of changing from the status quo as transformational and disorientation etc. This change was caused by the unfamiliarity and alienation of the new technology to the investment delivery team and operations. As the case studies civil engineers; electrical engineers appear not to have enjoyed quite the same status had to have substantial amount of information to take the investment decision which was of strategic importance. Power Co tackled the above problem by recognizing the fact that the disorientation from the current technology can be eliminated by exploiting the knowledge base residing in the supply base Power Co developed a number of characteristics which eventually become its weakness. This was to have two tiers affect; firstly, it finds the solution of lack of prior knowledge of the change, secondly, it helps in making technologies were increasingly cost-competitive. According to Kellow (1996) described as a dam building organisation guilty of reverse adaptation, Power Co in a precarious in some work areas through loss of expertise and corporate knowledge the identification and the administration of knowledge within the Power Co business environment can be appropriately planned only if the characteristics and the needs of each particular firm are taken into consideration. In this context, the prior exploration of the business and the market environment is necessary in order to develop appropr iate plans of action regarding the retrieval, the process and the distribution of knowledge within any modern organization. At a first level, it is necessary to identify the type of knowledge required for a specific firm. Towards this direction, it was noticed by Anand (2003, p15) that the knowledge possessed by an organization and its members can be classified as explicit or tacit; explicit knowledge can be codified and communicated without much difficulty while tacit knowledge such as the manner of operating sensitive equipment or interpersonal skills-is not so easily articulated, as the case study power Co among the managerial class many were told that there was no position for them and they therefore elected to take a voluntary redundancy. Bunker (2005, p12) the reasons for the development of the above phenomenon have not been identified yet. It seems that firms managers do not have the necessary learning in order to. Moreover, the study of Bunker (2005, p12) showed that much of that failure stems from not understanding how to manage the structural side of change and the human dynamic of transition. On the other hand, Katzenbach (1996, p149) noticed that change efforts are often conceived as waves of initiatives that sweep through an organization from the top down, or the bottom up, or both, and flow across functions. In other words, change initiatives as most of the organizational plans are not accepted by employees at least for a specific period. The specific issue was also highlighted by Huy (2002, p31) who supported that fundamental change in personnel, strategy, organizational identity, or established work roles and interests often triggers intense emotions. For this reason, it is necessary that firms managers m ake the necessary preparations before attempt any change within the organizational environment (preparation in this case could include the organizational audit, the identification of the position and the advantages of the competitors and the choice of the most cost-effective plans identification of plans that are appropriate for the achievement of the various organizational targets but within a budget that will be set in advance by the firms managers. These problems stem from employee perceptions about how they are treated at work and the match between individual and organization needs and desires. Dissatisfaction is a symptom of an underlying employee problem that should be addressed. Unusual or high levels of absenteeism and turnover also represent forces for change. Power Co Management problem for those who genuinely embraced change and those who merely sought promotion and also there was a strategy of consultation and participation, individual examples emerged of staff feeling that, due to the end of building dams, a reduction in the workforce. Organizations might respond to these problems by using the various approaches to job design, by implementing realistic job previews, by reducing employees role conflict, overload, and ambiguity, and by removing the different stressors. Prospects for positive change stem from employee participation and suggestions. The results revealed through most of the relevant studies reveal that change is not welcomed by employees in most organizations internationally as the case study there is strong feeling by Power Co that the changes of commercialisation were forced on the organisation and that staff had few alternatives other than to accept their fate, whenever the attempted changes have the consent of the employees i.e. when they progress through the employees active participation, then their implementation is very likely to be successful. The specific issue was examined by Eoyang (2001,p5) who supported that many organization change initiatives start at the top and deal strongly with any resistance from system agents that blocks progress; common ways of responding to resistance include downsizing, restructuring, and re-engineering. Other methods for dealing with resistance developed within modern organizations regarding specific plans of change are also available to modern organizations. The choice of the method employed at each particular case belongs to the firms managers who will also identify the risks and the advantages related with the implementation of each relevant change. At was on the change to come, which omitted the historical context. The program was sophisticated, involving as it did newsletters, visits by the CEO, briefings for subordinate leaders and even a telephone hotline. Moreover, The change faced by Power Co at the start of the shifted from civil engineering projects of building dams and power stations, to that of a business entity charged with the responsibility of providing to the government, as nominal owner, a return on investment was because of the fact that it did not had any related experience in the design and in the implementation of similar projects (which involves a competition from other electricity suppliers). This state could have cause difficulties of changing from the status quo as barrier and disorientation etc. This change was caused by the unfamiliarity and alienation of the new technology to the investment delivery team and the operations. Power Co had to have substantial amount of the information to take the investment decision which was of strategic importance in terms of its volume. Even if the policies applied on various organizational activities are appropriate regarding the targets set by the firms managers, in practice man y of these policies have to be rejected as inappropriate if being evaluated regarding the resources required for their realization. It is for this reason that Greve (1998, p59) noticed that change initiatives could be characterized as an outcome jointly determined by motivation to change, opportunity to change, and capability to change. For this reason, before the implementation of any plan of change within a particular organization it is necessary that the entire organizational context is carefully reviewed taking into account the fact that the conditions in the market (as well as within the organization) can change at any time creating new terms regarding the success of any attempted change. The sector of organizational activities influenced by the specific plans cannot be precisely identified; it is very likely that different organizational sectors are targeted by each specific plan of change; the needs of the organization and the trends of the market are the main criteria for th e relevant choice (plan of change applied on a specific organization). Towards this direction, it is noticed by Poole (1998, p45) that when change is needed in an organization it is likely the learning or identity of the organization will be targeted for change; the transformed organization, whether it be minor (first-order change) or major (second-order change), will not be the same as its predecessor. In other words, one of the most important consequences of plans of organizational change is that their effects on the various aspects of the organizational activities are likely to be permanent and extensive. By the attempted change, a new organizational environment is created; new organizational plans are then very likely to be implemented in accordance with the firms culture and characteristics and the market trends. It should be noticed that the implementation of plans of change within modern organizations is a challenging task usually requiring an extensive net of reforms within the organizational body. Modern literature on organizational learning and change offers to the firms managers a series of theoretical models that can effectively support the relevant organizational initiatives. We could refer primarily to the models suggested by Fennell (1993, p90): a) The strategic choice model (which is the one based in the changes happened to particular variables like the board composition and structure), b) The population dynamics (which is influenced by the population level changes) and c) The change in technical and institutional environments (which are mainly refer to the regulatory change related with the operation of modern organizations). Another model is the Collison and Parcell have developed their own model of organizational learning through which the knowledge management method that can be used for change, Capturing, sharing and exploiting knowledge, experience and good practices. Also Lewins (1958) change model, a systems model of change, and organization development. Exhibited, positive reinforcement is used to reinforce the desired. Additional coaching and modelling also are used at this point to reinforce the stability of the change. Lewin`s model will be used in this paper in order to examine the organizational change. The identification of the potential weaknesses of the firms organizational change- using this model will help towards the development of an appropriate plan of change if considered as necessary regarding the various activities of the specific firm The change at this level could have been a lack of flow of information to the organizational high level officials. Another issue was the absence of other electricity suppliers. The absence of competition produced a surreal climate of merely preparing for a possibility rather than a reality in the organization. Still another was the identification of the integration issues between the other parts of the organization and the management e.g. changes in the company wide operating procedures, as the case study that restructuring was seen as necessary by both senior management various consultants the pre-existing structure were never Cleary identified or ar ticulated. The higher level management did not considered the project to be of strategic importance in the sense that it does not intend to operate similar projects in the future. So they decided only to be concerned with business level issues and operational problems were left to the ad-hoc local solution (e.g. the external environment dos not remain stationary during the period of implementing change and the internal re-configuration may impact upon the style and context of change being pursued by the organization itself ). Unfreezing The focus of this stage is to create the motivation to change. In so doing, individuals are encouraged to replace old behaviours and attitudes with those desired by management. Managers can begin the unfreezing process by disconfirming the usefulness or appropriateness of employees present behaviours or attitudes. Due to the nature of industry, in which Power Co is operating, the initial teething problems are very significant and change tends to have substantial inefficiencies in the start. The reason being obviously the complexity of the system this change can cause project failure economically if not managed properly and change is not improved as early as possible. Power Co made a less than successful attempt at this when senior management realised that there were some dysfunctional consequences of the commercialisation structure of 1992. The Solution adopted solution to this problem was the establishment of change teams were the focal point of commercialisation but enthusiasm faded as their work fell into disarray in some areas which was to facilitate a joint effort at change through identification of operational problems and developing solutions to them. Changing Because change involves learning, this stage entails providing employees with new information, new behavioural models, or new ways of looking at things. The purpose is to help employees learn new concepts or points of view. Role models, mentors, experts, benchmarking the company against worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœclass organizations, and training are useful mechanisms to facilitate change. Appointing a person called Project sponsor having knowledge about the operations to oversee the project from the feasibility to the implementation. They were treated operationally as separate mutterers. After dam construction ceased, the workfares was decimated, many were forced redundancies due to the winding-down of dam construction, but others left as a matter of choice. This makes the project more stable operationally in the long run as the operational aspects of the system are conveyed to the delivery team during change stage. Failure to perform organizational impact analysis the organizational impact analysis studies the way a proposed transformational change the organization will be dominated by its civil engineering and the electrical engineers appear not to have enjoyed quite the same statues. This was due to the fact that the engineering problems were civil rather than electrical would affect organization structure, attitudes, decision making and operations. The analysis ai ms to ensure the change best to ensure integration with the organization. Refreezing Change is stabilized during refreezing by helping employees integrate the changed behaviour or attitude into their normal way of doing things. This is accomplished by first giving employees the chance to exhibit the new behaviours or attitudes. This would have triggered the collaboration process. A flexible management approach was adopted to improve collaboration by giving the staff shifts, autonomy in their work practices. Afterwards staff rotation was made which motivated the employees to share their experiences. The resultant best practices were accumulated and formally documented after reasonable time by the operations managers Power Co moved through a damaging period of controversy over the natural environment and excessive reiteration of past problems could have had a negative impact on moral. Issues to relate to refreezing failed to arise because of the continuing state of flux after commercialisation and the rapid replacement of staff who left. The above directly fulfilled project objectives of being manageable in the long run (as issues being managed efficiently) and flexibility by providing the different views through joint learning. It also indirectly helped in achieving the project objective of being economic by reducing project risk. The above directly could have fulfilled project objectives of being safe and secure (by providing the staff the required help needed for the operations). It also indirectly helped in achieving the project objective of being economic (by increasing the staff efficiency). Conclusions The presentation of all the above issues proves that the knowledge management systems implemented by the particular organization have been carefully chosen in order to ensure the achievement of the organizational aims. The divorce of the business commitment to embracing the all issues of the project acted as a change for complete integration of technology into the organization. Commitment to the change must be universal including all involved. Senior management must demonstrate commitment in the allocation of resources required (people, money, time etc) to achieve change. The argument given was that the management did not intend to operate similar projects organizational impact analysis studies the way a proposed transformational change the organization will be dominated by its civil engineering and the electrical engineers appear not to have enjoyed quite the same statues other than this one in the future might not have sufficed as it could have render the change ineffective in term s of achieving its objectives of being economic and manageable over the planning. By doing so some issues might have come to the management attention so late that the project failure could have occurred This lack of commitment might have been caused by the inherent characteristics of the capital goods industry which view the knowledge management as hamstrung due to structural fragmentation inherent in the organization, the one-off nature of the projects, the presences of the culturally disparate professions and the low level of trust.

Essay --

221B Baker Street, is where a well-known detective resides. Sherlock Holmes, born in 1854, started his career as a private eye after college when a colleague’s father inspired him to do so. He worked alone for a number of years employing agents and using informants. Later on, he accepted a roommate Dr. Watson. Eventually, they become good friends and crime solving partners. Sherlock Holmes was not only an influential and respected detective, as well as, a good friend, but also a well-read fictional character in British literature. When his good friend Dr. Watson described him, it included adjectives such as, â€Å"Bohemian, accurate, curious, and has as calculating nature.† Holmes was always thought to have a curious ability for analytical reasoning which helped him to succeed when unraveling crimes. He was also known to have the ability to â€Å"lie to police, conceal evidence, or break into houses when he felt morally justifiable.† Sherlock Holmes worked hand in hand with Scotland Yard in London, England. He was considered a respected and talented investigator. Holmes recognizably, had a unique talent for deduction. He was well known to have an unusual gift for investigative talent. Sherlock Holmes was a non-typical avant-garde detective who thought out of the box when solving crimes. He was able to draw inferences, based on very careful observations. Holmes was known to say â€Å"when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains however improbable, must be the truth.† Additionally, Sherlock could play the violin well and considered himself a loner. He was also an expert Single Stick player, boxer and swordsman. Ideally, Sherlock had a practical knowledge of British law. Well known to any observer, was the relationship ... ...ed movie character; 75 actors have played the part in more than 200 films.† There always seems to be a new interpretation of the genius defining Sherlock Holmes. Every actor bring an individual style to Sherlock’s character and personality. The iconic image of Sherlock Holmes as a suave English gentleman wearing a Deerstalker cap and a cape was portrayed in most of the feature films. He was created in the 19th century and was the prime figure in four novels and more than 50 short stories. For this reason of the continued popularity, the novels, comic books, television shows, theater movies and the newest T.V productions, Sherlock and his broad shoulders will continue to credit the writings of Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes has recently shifted from a Victorian image to a 21st century super hero. The star role continues to be inspiring and irresistible. Fan clubs

rights fees in sport :: essays research papers

The steadfast rule when it comes to sports and rights fees is that it’s the business of entertainment. The dollars are going to go where the value is. With Rights fees, networks pay fees to have the rights to a particular broadcast, for example march madness, the NFL or the Olympics. Rights fees are determined by the value a certain property holds, this is determined by the ratings. The most important ratings market world wide is undisputedly the North American, and in particular the US market as we will later discuss with the Olympic media coverage. With in the US it is a battle field to increase ratings because of the dollar value associated with the opportunity to sell advertising and consequently the rights fees. Personally I believe that 1.725 billion is a ridiculous amount for NBC to pay for the rights fees of March Madness. But obviously they are not mad. The economics and financials behind their decisions to continually pay more and more is justifiable. Once again boiling down to the ratings. The 70 hours of March Madness are extremely popular in the US and boast extremely high ratings. Therefore, advertisers are willing to pay the big bucks to get their ads on the air. The same is true about the Superbowl, with 30 second advertising sports reaching astronomical highs networks are lining up to buy the rights fees for the event. As Bill Brown the senior vice president of Fox Sports stated, â€Å" we want entertainment†¦we want to televise the teams that will deliver us the highest ratings†. That truly summarizes the essence of sport media today, and why rights fees are working. â€Å"Fox, paying MLB about $417 million a year in a deal†, which expires next year. With base ball’s popularity on the rise again the rights fees for the league are undoubtadly going to increase. But as the numbers have shown the Fox network is the big spender when it comes to rights fees, dispensing $2.5 billion from 2001 to 2006 on MLB alone. While Fox has a hold on baseball, Time Warner and ABC/ESPN seem to be focusing their dollars on the NBA, both handing over just over $2 billion over a 6 year period . But as aformentioned the rating speak volumes and while the NBA is very popular in the US, from a network point of view March Madness, NCAA basketball is a winner.

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters and Keurig Coffee

How government political system and economy influence each other? There are many countries in a world, and each country has its specific government system, also different government systems leads to diverse economic results. Otherwise, the economic output shapes the certain government system as well. As a consequence, government system interacts with economic results, and vise versa. Such as the relationship between centrally controlled political system or decentralized political system and economic income. Next, more details information will be given and bring a discussion about how they influence each other.Through searching on the internet, political system is â€Å"a system of politics and government. It is usually compared to the legal system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more complex system of categories involving the views: who should have authority, how religious questions should be handled, and what the government’s influence on its people and economy should be. † (Almond, 2011) Different countries from all over the world owe their own specific political system and economic results.For example, China’s remarkable economic success rests on reforming political government system foundation. In article â€Å"Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China†, it referred that the government political reform provides significant degree of available commitment to markets and lead to the successful economy in China. What’s more, a special type of institutionalized or organized decentralized is reflected by this reform, and author call â€Å"federalism, Chinese style. In addition, Montinola who is the author of this article claimed there are three consequences: at first, it helps to promote competition, not only just in product markets, but also among labour and foreign capital of local governments. And without any dou bt, the competition also lead new forms of enterprises, regulation, and economic relationships are promoted by government trying and learning. After that, it provides incentives for local governments to encourage local economic prosperity. At last, there are considerable amount of protection for local governments and enterprises which come from political intrusion by the central government. 2011). This article describes how the government political system impacts the economy output. On the one hand, China reform the political system depends on the national conditions, and take advantages of this system to develop economy and achieve successful goal. On the other hand, China already got wealthy benefits from the existing political system. Moreover, in article â€Å"US Political System Gets Downgraded, Failure to Deal with Economy the Reason†, Dayen said â€Å"To the extent that there’s any fallout from the political gridlock in Washington, it’s that the country cannot execute the simple, fundamental steps to improve economic performance. (Aug 3, 2011) And also talked about a Chinese rating agency did actually downgrade US debt all the way, which could resonate with their sovereign wealth funds. This agency appeared to not so much downgrade the credit rating as the political system. It discussed if there was not existing good and suitable government political system, and there is no way to develop economic as expect. In other words, instable and inadaptable political cannot help to further the development of economic outputs. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that if there is existing terrible economy, the new type of government system need to form.Government agencies influence the economy through a variety of policies all the time. â€Å"Political system has helped initiate new industries, cushion the effects of economic depression, create a sound economic infrastructure, and protect the living standards of the citizenry. † (n. d. ) Japa n is such a typical country. Japan through adjusting the relationship between government political system and economic income in order to set up the most suitable government and increase economy as much as possible. They focus on enterprise.In other words, Japan's economic development is primarily the product of private entrepreneurship. There is no doubt government make a significant contribution to nation's prosperity. In a word, the enterprise focus need the help of centrally controlled political system, because it can pay a lot more attention to develop their enterprise in order to promote their economy. There are advantages and disadvantages among different type of government political, both of them have opportunity to increase or decrease their national economy.However, it has great challenges to reconcile the centralized and decentralized systems. Most of time, centrally controlled is focus on specific area, decentralized controlled has diverging structure, the scope is much more abroad and wide than centrally controlling. But centrally control can get more attention. So chose the right system need depend on each country’s specific situation. In order to reach the economy goals, it is necessary to look for the right government political system to push its developing.Also under current system, government should consider how to achieve their economy target. Above all, no matter which government systems, such as centrally controlled political system and decentralized controlled political system, both of them could generate significant economic results, at the same time, the country should get wealthy benefit from a specific controlled political system. Reference Almond, G. A. , (June 25, 2011). Comparative Politics Today: A World View. Political System. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Political_system Dayen, D. (August 3, 2011). US Political System Gets Downgraded, Failure to Deal With Economy the Reason. FDL. Retrieved from http://new s. firedoglake. com/ 2011/08/03/us-political-system-gets-downgraded-failure-to-deal-with-economy-the-reason/ Montinola, G. (June 13, 2011). Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China. World Politics. Retrieved from http://journals. cambridge. org/action/displayAbstract? fromPage=online&aid=7607848 The role of government and business. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://countrystudies. us/japan/99. htm

Benefit Type

I would have to say that at the Health Home Program there are many benefit types and services available to the clients who receive treatment there, it is a residential treatment facility that provides individual and group counseling to drug addicted mothers or soon to be mothers. One of the main goals of the program is to ensure that women deliver drug free babies.The program is funded through many government grants to keep children with their mothers who are suffering from substance abuse, children are placed with their mothers once they are enrolled for treatment. Drug addiction is a major social problem with many dire consequences that follow, the home program works closely with DHS (department of homeless services) to ensure that the women receiving services are able to become caring and nurchuring parents to their children.The intensive treatment phase is completed while the women is a resident in the program, this is the time that she will detox off of the drugs and begin her r ecovery. I have learned that during residential treatment the women will be learning parenting basics, receiving mental health evaluations, going to dental and medical appointments, receive family counseling, and receive any other types of services that they specifically need.The services provided defiantly address the social problem of drug addiction and the affects that it can have on a family, the home program manages to nurture the bond between mother and child while repairing the damage that the addiction has caused. Some other services provided include: out-patient treatment, GED assistance, daycare, transitional housing after successful completion of the residential phase of treatment.Any woman who has a unique medical or emotional problems will receive special accommodations to ensure that she is comfortable and safe. I would have to say that at the Detox is offered at the program thus allowing the woman to â€Å"come down† off their drug of choice while their child i s being cared for by program staff. The benefits of this program are less children born addicted to drugs the better chance they have to be less addicted to drugs or live with the reaction of moms on drugs.

Poetry and Ozymandias Heart Essay

How life goes on: the analyzing of diction and imagery in â€Å" Ozymandias† The poem â€Å"Ozymandias† by Percy Bysshe Shelley is about a traveler telling the speaker about a statue in the desert. This statue is half sunk in the sand and the traveler explains that the â€Å"sneer of cold command† on the statue’s face shows that the sculptor understood the passions of the statue’s subject. This man sneered at the people who were not as powerful as him, but he fed his people because of something in his heart. The Traveler goes on and says that on the pedestal of the statue, it is written, â€Å"My name is Ozymandias’, king of kings: / Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!† But when you look all around the statue for the â€Å"works† there is nothing but sand and a bare desert. In this poem, Percy Bysshe Shelley creates the image of destroyed sculptures to show that nature destroys all and his choice of diction is quite intere sting. The diction in this poem creates a strong sense of imagery. The notable diction is combined with alliteration to create even more powerful imagery, such as the â€Å"Sneer of col command†. Ozymandias’-â€Å"ozy† meaning air and â€Å"mandias† meaning King/God, is a sonnet, a fourteen lined poem metered in iambic pentameter. Percy Bysshe Shelley uses words such as, Trunk-less- torso is gone, visage- another name for face, and colossal- which is an allusion of the colossus of roads. He uses this choice of diction to interest the reader furthermore by being more descriptive and letting the readers imagination go wild. The poem â€Å"Ozymandias† has two voices. The first is the speaker, who tells the entire poem. The other is the traveler, who tells the main speaker about the poem. The speaker tells us the traveler is from an â€Å"antique land,† which is a metaphor for the old age of his country. Antiques are valued mainly for their age and are almost always not modern. The traveler is described as well- traveled, knowledgeable, and wise. The Traveler’s whole speech is about a statue that he once saw in the middle of a desert. He tells us that the â€Å"trunk† of the statue is gone; The head of the statue lies in the sand at the feet of the legs and the expression on the face is still visible. There is a lot of death in this poem. The figure represented in the statue is dead, along with the civilization to which it once belonged. The Traveler says that the lip is â€Å"wrinkled†, but he says this is not because of old age but it is the â€Å"sneer of cold command†. This leaves the reader with an impression that Ozymandias’ was a cold ruler and had no trouble giving orders. In this  octave though it is suggests that the stone is â€Å"lifeless†, but on it is some â€Å"passions†. The reader, most likely imagines that these passions are greed, conceit, and other passions that are appropriate to a harsh, power-loving ruler. These same passions are said by the traveler to â€Å"survive† the â€Å"hand that mocked them,† which would be the sculptor, and the â€Å"heart that fed† them, which is Ozymandias’.The poem is consistent to a single metaphor: the shattered, ruined statue in the desert wasteland, but another metaphor is â€Å"the heart that fed†. Ozymandias’ heart â€Å"fed† these passions. The heart seemed to be compared to a powerful figure and the passions seemed more like an animal the master throws some food to, but I think the sense is more that Ozymandias’ heart fed on the passions. When you look at it like this, Ozymandias’ heart becomes a killer and the passions his prey. It seems obvious then that the passions kept the heart alive and beating, the passions are sustenance to the heart. The passions don’t seem to be suggested to be bad, but Ozymandias’ feeding on these passions of greed and conceit resulted in evil, the same evil we see on the statue’s face. His image of the broken sculpture shows how things change over time and that human beings and materialistic values are seasonal and are bound to end. They are all prone to be affected by the laws of time.